Modals Auxilaries Verbs

Fungsi	Contoh Kalimat Modal Auxiliary Verb
Can
Can digunakan untuk menyatakan ability(kemampuan)	You can buy anything with your money but you can not buy love. (Kamu dapat membeli apapun dengan uangmu tapi kamu tidak dapat membeli cinta)
Modal verb ini dapat digunakan untuk meminta izin (permission)	Can I borrow your car for one night? (Bisakah saya meminjam mobilmu selama satu malam?)
Could
Could digunakan untuk menyatakan ability(kemampuan) dimasa lalu (past).	You could run faster than me two years ago. (Kamu dapat berlari lebih cepat dari saya dua tahun lalu.)
Modal verb ini dapat digunakan untuk meminta izin (permission) untuk melakukan sesuatu dimasa lalu (past) atau masa depan (future).	Could I use your computer to print and scan? (Bolehkah saya memakai komputermu untuk print dan scan?)
May
May untuk menyatakan possibility(kemungkinan) dimasa sekarang (present) dan masa depan (future).	He may work out and consume healthy food every day. (Dia mungkin berlatih dan mengonsumsi makanan sehat setiap hari.)
	You may forget the embarassing incident tomorrow. (Kamu mungkin melupakan insiden memalukan itu besok.)
Modal verb ini untuk meminta izin (permission) yang lebih formal daripadamodal verb can.	May I go home now? (Bolehkah saya pulang sekarang?)
Might
Sama seperti may, modal verb ini digunakan untuk menyatakan possibility (kemungkinan) dimasa sekarang (present) dan masa depan (future)[1]. Might dapat ditambahkan primary auxiliary verb have untuk menyatakan probabilitydimasa lalu (past). Modal verb ini digunakan untuk menyatakan hypothetical situationyang terbukti tidak terjadi[2], lain halnya dengan may yang belum terbukti[3].	You might forget the embarassing accident tomorrow.[1]
	The doctor might have warned you not to eat red meat.[2] (Dikatakan setelah diketahui fakta: The doctor has not warned–Dokter belum melarang.)
	The doctor may have warned you not to eat red meat.[3] (Faktanya: belum diketahui)
Might merupakan bentuk past dari maydimana digunakan untuk meminta izin (permission) yang lebih formal daripadamodal verb could. Dibanding may, Mightlebih tentatif (tidak pasti) kejadiannya.	If I have cleaned the room, might I play with my friend? (Jika saya sudah membersihkan ruangan, bolehkah saya main dengan teman?)
Will
Will untuk menyatakan willingness(kemauan). Willingness dapat diungkapkan dalam conditional sentence type 1 maupuninvitation (undangan/ajakan).	I will help you if you help yourself first. (Saya akan membantumu jika kamu membantu dirimu sendiri dulu.)
	Will you marry me? (Maukah kamu menikah dengan saya?)
Modal verb ini untuk membuat keputusan secara spontan/tanpa rencana (simple future tense).	I’ll give you a glass of water. (Saya akan memberimu segelas air.)
	I think I’ll change my appearance. (Saya pikir saya akan merubah penampilan.)
Will untuk membuat prediksi.	The sandstorm will come tonight. (Badai pasir akan datang nanti malam.)
Would
Sama seperti will, modal verb ini dapat digunakan untuk menyatakan willingness(kemauan), namun lebih polite (sopan).	Would you like to see my craft? (Maukah kamu melihat kerajinan tanganku?)
Modal verb ini menyatakan sense of probability (kemungkinan).	He would be free tonight. (Dia akan kosong nanti malam.)
Would dipadukan dengan auxiliary haveuntuk membentuk conditional sentence type 3. Would disini untuk menyatakan tindakan yang ingin dilakukan dimasa lalu.	If you had remembered to invite me, Iwould have attended your party. (Jika kamu ingat mengundang saya, saya menghadiri pestamu.)
Shall
Shall [British English][1] digunakan untuk menyatakan simple future seperti halnya willnamun hanya digunakan pada first person(orang pertama) I dan we. Shall [US English][2] jarang digunakan selain untuk polite question untuk first person.	We shall overcome it someday.[1] (Kita akan mengatasinya suatu hari nanti.)
	Shall we pay a call him?[2] (Haruskah kita menjenguknya?)
	Shall I give you some advice?[2] (Haruskah saya memberimu beberapa nasehat?)
Modal verb ini untuk menyatakan obligation(kewajiban) pada formal situation (yang dapat berupa legal document maupun pada saat meeting. Pada situasi ini, baik secondmaupun third person dapat digunakan dengan modal verb ini.	The Human Resource manager shall report the employee performance. (HR manager harus melaporkan performansi karyawan.)
Should
Should untuk memberi suggestion (saran) atau advice (nasehat).	You should see the doctor. (Kamu harus ke dokter.)
	We should meet more often. (Kita harus bertemu lebih sering.)
Must
Must dipadukan dengan not untuk menyatakan prohibition (larangan)	You mustn’t give up. (Kamu tidak boleh menyerah.)
Modal verb ini mengekspresikan obligation(kewajiban) atau necessity (kebutuhan).	We must go to bed now. (Kita harus tidur sekarang.)
Ought to
Ought to digunakan untuk menyatakan apa yang benar atau tepat	I ought to wear high quality running shoes. (Saya harus menggunakan sepatu lari berkualitas tinggi.)
	We ought to select the best candidate for the job. (Kita harus memilih kandidat terbaik untuk pekerjaan tsb.)

PUISI (Past Progresive)

A LETTER TO A FRIEND
By Mych Ryan

It’s always hurt to see you cry
To see tears falling like rain from the sky
And there’s no answer for why
I never question myself, I never try

It’s always hurt to know there’s nothing I can do
And fact that I don’t even know what to do
It’s so sad but so true
Feels like the color blue

Someday we’ll see we were wrong
And then we realize the day has done
Time won’t turn back, it’s no use to regret
It’s not easy to say good bye, but someway we have to try

Sometimes it’s hurt to remember
About the days we had together
And a piece of heart inside me
Carved with your smile, you can see…

It was the day when I used to care
Think about you, anytime, anywhere
The day when I used to drive you home
When the night was so cold and you were alone

That’s just history, saved properly in my memory
Now we are so far and so different, and yet so silent….
No voices when you say, just few words on my display
That’s OK. Thanks anyway….

PS. I’m sad about the problem you had
But don’t worry my friend,
I’ll be the man when you look behind

Tense

Acctive and Passive

Simple Future Tense

Active: Subject + will/shall + first form of the verb + object
Passive: Object of the active sentence + will/shall + be + past participle form of the verb + by + subject of the active sentence

Active: I will write a letter.

Passive: A letter will be written by me.

Active: She will help me.

Passive: I will be helped by her.

Active: John will learn the lesson.

Passive: The lesson will be learnt by John.

Changing a negative sentence into the passive

Active: She will not help us.

Passive: We will not be helped by her.

Active: We will not visit the hill station this year.

Passive: The hill station will not be visited by us this year.

Active: We shall not betray our country.

Passive: Our country shall not be betrayed by us.

Changing an Interrogative sentence into the passive

Active: Will you help him?

Passive: Will he be helped by you?

Active: Will you not help me?

Passive: Shall I not be helped by you?

Active: Will they accept our invitation?

Passive: Will our invitation be accepted by them?

Future perfect tense

Active: Subject + will/shall + have + past participle form of the verb + object
Passive: Object of the active sentence + will/shall + have + been + past participle form of the verb + by + subject of the active sentence

Active: We shall not have accepted the invitation.

Passive: The invitation shall not have been accepted by us.

Active: She will have finished her work.

Passive: Her work will have been finished by her.

Active: They will have elected him their leader.

Passive: He will have been elected their leader (by them).

Changing an interrogative sentence into the passive

Active: Will she have cooked the food?

Passive: Will the food have been cooked by her?

Active: Will they have received our letter?

Passive: Will our letter have been received by them?

Active: Will they have caught the train?

Passive: Will the train have been caught by them?

Active: Who will have opposed you?

Passive: By whom will you have been opposed?

Notes

Active sentences in the future continuous and future perfect continuous tenses cannot be changed to the passive.

Active (Simple Future Tense)

      1.            I will wait for her tomorrow.

Aku akan menunggumu besok.

      2.            I will listen to the music tonight.

Dia akan mendengarkan music mala mini.

      3.            I will send this letter this afternoon.

Aku akan mengirimkan surat siang ini.

      4.            She will visit me tonight.

Dia akan mengunjungiku malam ini.

      5.            John will call Anne tomorrow.

John akan memanggil Anne besok.

      6.            My uncle will give a gift to me next week.

Pamanku akan memberiku sebuah hadiah utukku minggu depan.

Passive (Simple Future Tense)

1.      She will be waited for by me tomorrow.

Dia akan ditunggui oleh ku besok.

2.      The music will be listened to by me tonight.

Music itu akan didengarkan olehku mala mini.

3.      This letter will be sent by me this afternoon.

Surat ini akan dikirim olehku siang ini.

4.      I will be visited by her tonight.

Aku akan dikunjungi olehnya mala mini.

5.      Anne will be called by John tomorrow.

Anne akan di panggil oleh John tomorrow.

6.      I will be given a gift by my uncle next week.

Aku akan dikasih sebuah hadiah oleh pamanku minggu depan.

Kalimat Aktif Future Continuous

1.      I will be waiting for her in the afternoon tomorrow.

Aku akan sedang menunggu dia di malam hari besok.

2.      He will be listening to the music, if I ask him out.

Dia akan sedang mendengarkan music, jika aku ajak keluar.

3.      The teacher will be giving us a test tomorrow at nine.

Gura akan sedang memberi kami sebuah test besok jam Sembilan.

4.      The postman will be sending the package at seven o’clock next week.

Tukang surat akan sedang mengantarkan paketnya jam tujuh minggu depan.

5.      He will be delivering the food tonight at nine.

dia akan sedang dia antarkan malam ini jam Sembilan.

6.      I will be making a new program in January next year.

Aku akan sedang membuat sebuah program yang baru di bulan januari tahun depan.

Kalimat pasif

1.      She will be being waited by me in the afternoon tomorrow.

Dia akan sedang ditunggui olehku di malam hari besok.

2.      The music will be being listened to by him, if I ask him out

Music itu akan didengarkan olehnya, jika aku ajak dia keluar.

3.      The test will be being given to us by the teacher tomorrow at nine.

Test akan sedang diberikan kepada kami oleh guru besok jam Sembilan.

4.      The package will be being sent by the postman at seven o’clock next week.

Paketnya akan sedang dikirim oleh tukang post jam tujuh minggu depan.

5.      The food will be being delivered by him tonight at nine.

Makanan akan sedang dikirimkan olehnya mala mini jam Sembilan.

6.      The new program will be being made by me in January next year.

Program baru itu akan dibuat olehku pada bulan januari tahun depan.

Simple Future

Story About Planning Holiday

2 months precisely finished Eid with family I would go to an attraction sentul region of West Java. The place is a campground, in fact this holiday was planned a few years back, but due to many things and too difficult to unify schedule fitting of each member of the family so vacation is always delayed. I was hoping this holiday run smoothly and properly. Although sometimes a lot of obstacles that will be encountered later hopefully these obstacles can be resolved quickly.

I went with 33 people it's certainly not a small amount because I come from a big family. I was with another sister spupu already prepared some activities to be carried out after arriving at the camp. From start to gather keluara, dinner together to hold exciting games. On the second night of camping my family and others will give a surprise to the birthday aunt. He was very scared with things related to ghosts and deserted and silent situation, associated with that we want to scare him by leaving him alone in the tent camp and then we'll use that hideous clothes. Our family is very happy joking banter, therefore if there was a birthday and we were all together sure we plan something to surprise.

After the event finished camp with my family also plans to continue the holiday with school friends. I would go to an island on the island of a thousand precisely on the island par. I would stay there for 3 days 2 nights, this holiday was different because I and other friends do not need to think about the activities that will be conducted there how and what we use as a travel tour already scheduled what will be done upon arrival there. Costs incurred one person was low relative Rp. 450.000,00. These costs are already clean we stayed received wrong and not have to worry any, already included, Condo / home stay, bike rental, barbecue, snorkling, around the other islands by boat, as well as transportation back and forth.

I look forward to this holiday and dizziness experienced stress will disappear, because I think after we do the hard work that the old mind and body we also need to in order to rest for a few moments when I want to do activities back've refreshed our minds and our bodies is back stronger.

ARTICLE ABOUT GERUND

ARTICLE

In English, the gerund is identical in form to the present participle (ending in -ing) and can behave as a verb within a clause (so that it may be modified by adverb or have an object), but the clause as a whole (sometimes consisting of only one word, the gerund itself) acts as a noun within the larger sentence. For example: Eating this cake is easy.

In “Eating this cake is easy,” “eating this cake,” although traditionally known as aphrase, is referred to as a non-finite clause in modern linguistics. “Eating” is the verb in the clause, while “this cake” is the object of the verb. “Eating this cake” acts as a noun phrase within the sentence as a whole, though; the subject of the sentence is the non-finite clause, specifically eating.

Article :

MUSLIM MAN LASHED BECAUSE OF SHARIA “LOVE”

A Muslim man accused of whipping his protegee 40 times with an electric cable for drinking alcohol said he inflicted the punishment out of love, a Sydney court has been told.

Wassim Fayad allegedly told his victim Cristian Martinez, “Next time you think of picking up a drink, you will remember this pain,” Burwood Local Court was told on Monday.

Fayad, 44, Zakaryah Raad, 21, Tolga Cifci, 21, and Cengiz Coskun, 22, have pleaded not guilty over the alleged incident in Mr Martinez’s Silverwater apartment in western Sydney between July 16 and July 17 last year.

They have been charged with assault occasioning actual bodily harm in company and stealing CCTV footage.

Mr Martinez, 32, had been introduced to the Islamic faith several years before and had come to regard Fayad, also known as Fadi Alemaddin, as his spiritual leader, prosecutor Sevinch Morkaya said.

After Mr Martinez got drunk and took cocaine, he called Fayad, telling him, “I’m in trouble” and “I need to get off the drugs”.

In one of several phone calls played in court, Fayad could be heard replying, “It means I’m going to tie you up, brother, because that’s what you need.”

Mr Martinez told the court he had no memory of the phone calls.

That night, Raad called around to Mr Martinez’s apartment and later let the other three men in before they woke up a sleeping Mr Martinez, the court heard.

Mr Martinez said he was friends with Raad, but he had only seen the other two men on a couple of occasions and didn’t know their names.

“(Fayad) told me I was going to be punished under Islamic law for what I’d been doing with drugs and alcohol,” Mr Martinez said.

“I was a bit stirred up but I always believed in him.”

Mr Martinez said Raad and the other two men then held him down on the bed while Fayad started hitting him with an electric cable.

“I was begging, ‘please no more, I don’t want any more’,” he said.

After the first ten lashes, the men let Mr Martinez go and he vomited while they held a wet towel on his back before he agreed to return to the bed, the court heard.

“They didn’t force me,” he said.

However, Mr Martinez said he soon began begging and crying again and, after he vomited following the 20th lash, he was forced back onto the bed.

“I knew I had done the wrong thing, but I couldn’t believe I was getting these hits,” he said.

Mr Martinez said he was told he should be getting 80 lashes for intoxication and that only the infirm were given 40 lashes.

After it was over, the court heard Fayad told Mr Martinez, “I did it because I love you”.

“I couldn’t believe it,” Mr Martinez said. “I was so angry. I was furious.”

The court heard Mr Martinez initially only identified Fayad to police.

He later naming Raad as one of his attackers after Raad called him up and told him there were “powerful people in Auburn”.

“I took that as a threat,” Mr Martinez said.

Magistrate Brian Maloney was told the evidence against Cifci and Coskun was circumstantial, and issues would be raised in relation to Mr Martinez’s identification of them.

·         Gerund sebagai objek kalimat

1.      A Muslim man accused of whipping

2.      With an electric cable for drinking alcohol

3.      Next time you think of picking up a drink

4.      Fayad could be heard replying

5.      he called Fayad, telling him

·         Gerund sebagai pelengkap (complement)

1.      actual bodily harm in company and stealing CCTV footage.

2.      Mr Martinez said he soon begging

3.      Fayad started hitting him with an electric cable

4.      after he vomited following the 20th lash

·         Gerund sebagai subjek kalimat

                        1.      I’m going to tie you up

                        2.      I was going to be punished

                        3.      I was begging, ‘please no more

                        4.      what I’d been doing with drugs and alcohol

Gerund Clauses

1.      I couldn’t believe I was getting these hits

2.      he was told he should be getting 80 lashes